Black 365 Notes
11. The #Moors introduced paper to Europe and Arabic numerals, which replaced the clumsy Roman system.
14. It was through Africa that the new knowledge of China, India, and Arabia reached Europe The #Moors brought the Compass from China into Europe.
12. The Moors introduced many new crops including the orange, lemon, peach, apricot, fig, sugar cane, dates, ginger and pomegranate as well as saffron, sugar cane, cotton, silk and rice which remain some of Spain's main products today.
http://www.blackhistorystudies.com/resources/resources/15-facts-on-the-moors-in-spain/ Also, a hierarchy based on skin tone was created by British colonizers to divide and rule over the Africans. Lighter-skinned Blacks were given more privileges to encourage them to aid the slave masters in the oppression of darker-skinned Blacks. This dynamic still remains in Jamaica to some degree today.
The fear of more uprisings as well as other factors prompted the British to abolish slavery in Jamaica on Aug. 1, 1834. At that time, the British attempted to make all enslaved Blacks remain working for the same masters as apprentices. The system was a failure, and that also was abolished. Enslaved Blacks received their unrestricted freedom on Aug. 1, 1838.
These freed Africans retreated to the mountains and developed their own communities in the interior of Jamaica. Led by a brave African woman called Nanny, the Maroons defended their freedom from the British invaders by burning property, killing soldiers and freeing other enslaved Africans.
One of the most famous of the Jamaican rebellions started in 1760 and was led by a man known as Tacky. It was called Tacky’s War, and it lasted for over a year before being suppressed by the British colonial forces.
As a matter of fact, more rebellions occurred in Jamaica, Britain’s largest colony, than in all its other colonies in the Caribbean combined.
The island became one of Britain’s most profitable colonies. From the mid-1700s until the abolition of slavery in Jamaica in the 1830s, Jamaica accounted for 42 percent of sugar imported into Britain.
http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/10/17/12-facts-about-slavery-in-jamaica-the-educational-system-refuses-to-teach-in-schools/2/ James E. West (1931-Present) What He Invented: The Electroacoustic Transducer Electret Microphone.
Why It’s Important: Without James West, rappers wouldn’t be able to rock the mic. West, along with Gerhard M. Sessler, helped develop the electroacoustic transducer electret microphone, for which they received a patent in 1962. Their invention was acoustically accurate, lightweight and cost effective. Ninety percent of microphones in use today — including those in telephones, tape recorders and camcorders — are based on their original concept. Charles Richard Drew (1904-1950) What He Invented: The Blood Bank.
Why It’s Important: His research in the field of blood transfusions led to the development of improved techniques for blood storage. He applied his expert knowledge to the development of large-scale blood banks early in World War II. His invention allowed medics to save thousands of lives of the Allied forces. He directed the blood plasma programs of the United States and Great Britain in World War II, but resigned after a ruling that the blood of African-Americans would be segregated. Frederick M. Jones (1892-1961) What He Invented: Mobile Refrigeration
Why It’s Important: His invention allowed the transportation of perishable foods such as produce and meats, which changed eating habits across the country. Thermo King, the company he co-founded, became a leading manufacturer of refrigerated transportation. Jones also developed an air-conditioning unit for military field hospitals and a refrigerator for military field kitchens. Jones was awarded over 60 patents during his lifetime. Lonnie Johnson (1949-Present)
What He Invented: The Super Soaker Why It’s Important: The Super Soaker may have been a child’s toy, but it is a great example of an invention with a multimillion-dollar impact. The Super Soaker generated $200 million in annual retail sales and turned Mobile, Ala., native into a millionaire. He’s now using his fortune to develop energy technology. Marc Hannah ( 1956-Present) What He Invented: 3-D Graphics Technology Used in Films.
Why It’s Important: Anyone awed by the special effects in the films Jurassic Park, Terminator 2 and The Abyss should thank Chicago-native Marc Hannah. The computer scientist is one of the founders, in 1982, of the software firm Silicon Graphics (now SGI), where the special-effects genius developed 3-D graphics technology that would be used in many Hollywood movies. Gerald A. Lawson (1940 -2011) What He Invented: The Modern Home-Video Gaming Console.
Why It’s Important: Anyone who owns a Playstation, Wii or Xbox should know Lawson’s name. He created the first home video-game system that used interchangeable cartridges, offering gamers a chance to play a variety of games and giving video-game makers a way to earn profits by selling individual games, a business model that exists today. Lewis Latimer (1848 – 1928) What He Invented: The Carbon Filament For The Light Bulb.
Why It’s Important: Latimer is one of the greatest inventors of all time. Thomas Edison may have invented the electric lightbulb, but Latimer helped make it a common feature in American households. In 1881 he received a patent for inventing a method of producing carbon filaments, which made the bulbs longer-lasting, more efficient and cheaper. In 1876, he worked with Alexander Graham Bell to draft the drawings required for the patent of Bell’s telephone. http://atlantablackstar.com/2013/10/23/100-black-inventions-over-the-last-100-years-you-may-not-know-part-1/ A sizable number of Black New Yorkers could read and write, a skill that was often mentioned in advertisements seeking the return of runaways, some of whom forged passes.
Nearly all of the rest came from the English sugar islands of Barbados, Antigua and, most of all, Jamaica, from which 30 percent of all New York’s enslaved Blacks came.
The inability of New York enslaved Blacks to reproduce themselves made New York increasingly dependent upon the slave trade, which, in turn, enlarged the proportion of New York enslaved people who had been born in Africa and increased the mortality rates of the enslaved population. The vicious cycle made New York into a death factory for Black people.
For portions of the 17th and 18th centuries, New York City housed the largest urban slave population in mainland North America, with more enslaved people than any other city on the continent
http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/12/16/10-fascinating-things-about-slavery-in-new-york-city-that-you-may-not-know/ Only 3 to 5 percent of criminal cases go to trial - the rest are plea bargained.98.3% of African Americans defendants never get a trial
Of the 1,826 people who made it to the 2015 FORBES list of the World’s Billionaires, 11 of them are black, up from 9 a year ago.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/03/02/the-black-billionaires-2015/ http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/23/6-facts-about-black-americans-for-black-history-month/http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/02/22/the-positive-numbers-about-black-men/0TcPR1Hhn8Yf0yuVoWZxfJ/story.html?event=event25http://www.vox.com/2015/2/12/8020959/black-men-prison-collegehttp://blackdemographics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Black-Men-in-America-by-the-Numbers.gifhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/29/urban-prep-graduates-all-_n_2981203.html?utm_content=bufferb3903&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer |
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